Clinical profile and types of youth-onset diabetes in Chennai - the ICMR registry of youth-onset diabetes in India (YDR) – Chennai Centres

Abstract

Background: The first national-level multicentric clinic-based registry of youth-onset diabetes from India was started in the year 2006 by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Objective: In this study, we present the data collected from one of the Regional Collaborating Centre, Chennai (RCC03) of the ICMR Young Diabetes Registry (YDR). Materials and Methods: YDR recruited young diabetes participants reporting on/after January 1, 2000, with age onset ≤25 years at the time of diagnosis of diabetes, and residing within the Chennai Metropolitan Area. The reporting centers (RCs) that were willing to participate in the registry were included, and their staff was trained to fill-in the baseline and follow-up proforma. Results: Overall, 29 RCs participated, which includes six government hospitals, and remaining are private speciality hospitals or single-physician clinics. So far, RCC03 had contributed 4194 young diabetes participants to ICMR-YDR from the Chennai region. Among the registered 48.1% (n = 2020) were type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 43.4% (n = 1821) were type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 6.4% (n = 269) were gestational diabetes mellitus, and remaining 2.0% (n = 84) had secondary diabetes. Among T1DM, 58% of them had age onset of <15 years, whereas in T2DM, 95% of them had age onset ≥15 years. Differences in their clinical profiles were seen among these participants. All T1DMs were on insulin treatment at the time of registration or they had been prescribed insulin at their first visit to the RCs, and 12% of the T2DMs were on insulin. Conclusions: The observations from RCC03 of the registry reveal that 48.1% were T1DM and 43.4% were T2DM. These results suggest that there is equal contribution of T1DM and T2DM cases in the Chennai region, which needs to be studied in detail.