The Prevalence of Presarcopenia in Asian Indian Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: This study compared the skeletal muscle mass and prevalence of presarcopenia between Asian Indian individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes (n = 76) and age- and sex-matched controls without diabetes (n = 76) were drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), which was carried out on a representative sample of Chennai City in South India. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by the square of the individual’s height in meters and expressed as kg/m2. Presarcopenia was defined as an SMI of £ 7.26 kg/m2 for males and £ 5.5 kg/m2 for females. Biochemical and anthropometric measurements were done using standardized procedures. Results: The 152 participants included 68 women (44.7%). Mean age was 44 – 9 years (range, 28–67 years), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.7 – 3.8 kg/m2. The prevalence rates of presarcopenia among individuals with and without diabetes were 39.5% and 15.8%, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean SMI values were significantly lower in those with diabetes (6.84 – 1.02 kg/m2) compared with participants without diabetes (7.28 – 1.01 kg/m2) (P = 0.009). SMI showed a positive correlation with BMI and waist circumference but a negative correlation with age, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and low-density lipoprotien cholesterol in the total study population. Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes was independently associated with presarcopenia (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Prevalence of presarcopenia is higher among Asian Indian subjects with type 2 diabetes compared with ageand sex-matched participants without diabetes.